Song of Solomon 1:12

Authorized King James Version

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While the king sitteth at his table, my spikenard sendeth forth the smell thereof.

Original Language Analysis

עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 1 of 6
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
שֶׁ֤הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ While the king H4428
שֶׁ֤הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ While the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 2 of 6
a king
בִּמְסִבּ֔וֹ sitteth at his table H4524
בִּמְסִבּ֔וֹ sitteth at his table
Strong's: H4524
Word #: 3 of 6
a divan (as enclosing the room); abstractly (adverbial) around
נִרְדִּ֖י my spikenard H5373
נִרְדִּ֖י my spikenard
Strong's: H5373
Word #: 4 of 6
nard, an aromatic
נָתַ֥ן sendeth forth H5414
נָתַ֥ן sendeth forth
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 5 of 6
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
רֵיחֽוֹ׃ the smell H7381
רֵיחֽוֹ׃ the smell
Strong's: H7381
Word #: 6 of 6
odor (as if blown)

Analysis & Commentary

The bride speaks: 'While the king sitteth at his table, my spikenard sendeth forth the smell thereof.' The 'king' refers to the bridegroom (Solomon). The Hebrew 'mesibbo' (מְסִבּוֹ, his table/couch) suggests intimate dining or reclining setting. The 'spikenard' (nerd, נֵרְד) was costly aromatic ointment imported from India—the same perfume Mary used to anoint Jesus (John 12:3). The phrase 'sendeth forth the smell' (natan richo, נָתַן רֵיחוֹ) indicates releasing fragrance. The bride's presence and preparation (anointing with expensive perfume) creates fragrant atmosphere in the king's presence. This verse celebrates the bride's desire to please her beloved—preparing carefully, offering her best, creating delight. Spiritually, it represents believers offering costly worship to Christ, creating fragrant atmosphere through devotion, obedience, and love.

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern banquets featured aromatic ointments and perfumes creating pleasant atmosphere. Nard was expensive—imported from the Himalayas, it represented sacrificial devotion. Mary's anointing of Jesus with nard (John 12:3) cost a year's wages, demonstrating costly love. The connection between the Song and Mary's act is striking—both involve expensive nard offered to the beloved king. Early church fathers saw this as the soul offering costly worship to Christ—not perfunctory religion but sacrificial devotion. Bernard of Clairvaux preached that believers should offer Christ their best, not leftovers. The Reformers emphasized that worship should involve both heart and resources—costly discipleship, not cheap grace. Modern readers see both literal application (spouses preparing to please each other) and spiritual reality (offering Christ costly, fragrant worship).

Questions for Reflection